Systems approaches to managing change: A practical guide. PISA 2015 assessment and analytical framework: Science, reading, mathematic and financial literacy. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. American Journal of Systems Science, 4(1), 11–26. What is systems thinking? A review of selected literature plus recommendations. The limits to growth: A report for the club of Rome’s project on the predicament of mankind. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Next generation science standards: For states, by states. A framework for K-12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(6), 715–730. To guide or not to guide: Issues in the sequencing of pedagogical structure in computational model-based learning. Systems thinking: Creative holism for managers. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(6), 1099–1120. Enhancing systems-thinking skills with modelling. Hollweg (Eds.), Understanding urban ecosystems: A new frontier for science and education (pp. Psychological and ecological perspectives on the development of systems thinking. The manager’s pocket guide to systems thinking & learning. Assessing the potential benefits of learning about environmental issues through a systems thinking pedagogy. A systems-based approach to policymaking (pp. System dynamics and the lessons of 35 years. Reconceptualizing STEM education: The central role of practices. On the making of a system theory of life: Paul A Weiss and Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s conceptual connection. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 2(3), 447–459.ĭrack, M., Apfalter, W., & Pouvreau, D. General system theory: Toward a conceptual framework for science and technology education for all. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(4), 513–526.Ĭhen, D., & Stroup, W. Using the bifocal modeling framework to resolve “Discrepant Events” between physical experiments and virtual models in biology. Research in Science Education, 43(1), 33–56.īlikstein, P., Fuhrmann, T., & Salehi, S. High school students’ understanding of the human body system. A complete set of systems thinking skills. We argue that we might need to have substantial changes in our existing science curriculum in order to encompass systems thinking and the new trends in science education like the STEM movement. Lastly, we made reference to major curricula currently in use such as the Next Generation Science Standards in the USA and 2015 PISA framework. We have also provided examples of modeling practices, ideas, and programs. We stated some advantages and challenges of systems thinking in relation to science education and related the theory to current teaching practices, and actual classroom applications. Thirdly, we make connections of the theory to science teaching and learning. We have also included historical and theoretical background and relevant references. Secondly, we describe the primary issues of systems thinking and explain why this is an important theory. We first provide brief professional profiles for three of the most relevant theorists: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Peter Senge, and Donella Meadows. Systems thinking is a way of understanding reality that emphasizes the relationships among a system’s parts that go beyond the parts themselves. A system is a group of interacting, interrelated, and interdependent components that form a complex and unified whole. In this chapter, we focus on systems thinking.
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